Farmashiyaha

Pharmacognosy waa daraasad ku saabsan daawooyinka laga soo qaatay ilaha dabiiciga. Bulshada Mareykanka ee Farmacognosy waxay ku qeexday dawada dawada inay tahay "barashada astaamaha jirka, kiimikada, bayoolaji iyo bayooloji ee dawooyinka, maandooriyaha ama daroogada iman kara ama walxaha daroogada ee asalka dabiiciga ah iyo sidoo kale raadinta daawooyinka cusub ee laga helo ilaha dabiiciga.
Ereyga "pharmacognosy" wuxuu ka soo jeedaa ereyada Griigga ah farmakon (daroogo), iyo gnosis ama "aqoon". Ereyga pharmacognosy waxaa markii ugu horeysay adeegsaday dhaqtarka reer Austria Schmidt 1811. Asal ahaan - intii lagu jiray qarnigii 19aad iyo bilawgii qarnigii 20aad - "farmashiyaha" waxaa loo adeegsaday in lagu qeexo qaybta caafimaadka ama cilmiga badeecada ("Warenkunde" ee Jarmal) kaas oo wax ka qabtay daroogooyinka qaabkooda ceyriin, ama aan diyaarsaneyn. Daawooyinka ceyriin waa kuwa qalalan, ee aan diyaarsaneyn ee dhirta, xoolaha ama macdanta asal ahaan, loona isticmaalo daawada. Daraasadda qalabkan ee ku hoos jirta magaca pharmakognosie waxaa markii ugu horreysay lagu horumariyey aagagga Jarmalka looga hadlo ee Yurub, halka aagagga kale ee luqadaha ah inta badan loo isticmaalo ereyga hore ee materia medica oo laga soo qaatay shaqooyinka Galen iyo Dioscorides. Jarmal ahaan ereyga drogenkunde ("sayniska dawooyinka ceyriin") sidoo kale waxaa loo adeegsadaa si isku mid ah.